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Top Kubernet Interview Questions

Curated Kubernet interview questions and answers across difficulty levels.

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Kubernet Interview Questions & Answers

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Welcome to our comprehensive collection of Kubernet interview questions and answers. This page contains expertly curated interview questions covering all aspects of Kubernet, from fundamental concepts to advanced topics. Whether you're preparing for an entry-level position or a senior role, you'll find questions tailored to your experience level.

Our Kubernet interview questions are designed to help you:

  • Understand core concepts and best practices in Kubernet
  • Prepare for technical interviews at all experience levels
  • Master both theoretical knowledge and practical application
  • Build confidence for your next Kubernet interview

Each question includes detailed answers and explanations to help you understand not just what the answer is, but why it's correct. We cover topics ranging from basic Kubernet concepts to advanced scenarios that you might encounter in senior-level interviews.

Use the filters below to find questions by difficulty level (Entry, Junior, Mid, Senior, Expert) or focus specifically on code challenges. Each question is carefully crafted to reflect real-world interview scenarios you'll encounter at top tech companies, startups, and MNCs.

Questions

155 questions
Q1:

What problem does Kubernetes fundamentally solve compared to running containers manually?

Entry

Answer

Kubernetes automates deployment, scaling, self-healing, and networking of containers, removing manual lifecycle management.
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Q2:

What is a Kubernetes Cluster made of?

Entry

Answer

A cluster has a Control Plane that manages state and Worker Nodes that run Pods.
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Q3:

What is a Pod in Kubernetes and why isn’t a container scheduled directly?

Entry

Answer

A Pod is the smallest deployable unit; it abstracts networking and storage so containers inside share IP and volumes.
Permalink
Q4:

What is the role of the Kubelet on every worker node?

Entry

Answer

Kubelet ensures containers match desired state and restarts them when needed.
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Q5:

Why does every Pod get its own IP address?

Entry

Answer

Kubernetes uses an IP-per-Pod model to simplify routing and make Pods behave like standalone hosts.
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Q6:

What is a Deployment used for?

Entry

Answer

Deployments manage stateless apps with ReplicaSets, rolling updates, and rollbacks.
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Q7:

What is the difference between a Deployment and a StatefulSet?

Entry

Answer

Deployment is for stateless Pods. StatefulSet provides stable identity and persistent storage.
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Q8:

What is a Service in Kubernetes?

Entry

Answer

A Service exposes Pods using stable networking and provides a ClusterIP with load balancing.
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Q9:

What does a ClusterIP Service do?

Entry

Answer

It exposes an internal-only endpoint, accessible inside the cluster.
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Q10:

Why is a NodePort Service rarely used in production?

Entry

Answer

It exposes high-numbered host ports and lacks proper load balancing.
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Q11:

What is the purpose of an Ingress Controller?

Entry

Answer

Ingress controllers route HTTP/HTTPS traffic to services using host and path rules.
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Q12:

What is etcd and why is it critical to Kubernetes?

Entry

Answer

etcd stores cluster state; corruption makes the cluster unusable.
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Q13:

How does Kubernetes handle container restarts inside Pods?

Entry

Answer

Restart policies (Always, OnFailure, Never) determine behavior and are handled by kubelet.
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Q14:

What does desired state mean in Kubernetes?

Entry

Answer

Controllers compare current vs desired state and create, delete, or update Pods accordingly.
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Q15:

What is a ReplicaSet and how does it relate to Deployments?

Entry

Answer

ReplicaSet maintains a set number of Pods; Deployments manage ReplicaSets.
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Q16:

Why should ConfigMaps not be used for sensitive data?

Entry

Answer

ConfigMaps store data in plain text and are not secure for secrets.
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Q17:

What is a Kubernetes Secret?

Entry

Answer

A Secret stores sensitive data encoded in base64; encryption at rest improves security.
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Q18:

What is the purpose of a Namespace?

Entry

Answer

Namespaces logically isolate resources and help organize multi-team or multi-env clusters.
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Q19:

What is a Node in Kubernetes?

Entry

Answer

A Node is a machine running Pods; it contains kubelet, kube-proxy, and container runtime.
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Q20:

What happens when a Node becomes NotReady?

Entry

Answer

Kubernetes stops scheduling Pods on it and may evict existing Pods for safety.
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Q21:

How does Kubernetes ensure Pods are rescheduled automatically when a node fails?

Junior

Answer

Scheduler detects NotReady nodes, marks Pods lost, and recreates them on healthy nodes via their controllers.
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Q22:

Why do Pods restart even when their containers exit with code 0?

Junior

Answer

RestartPolicy Always forces Pod restarts regardless of exit code.
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Q23:

What is the role of kube-proxy in networking?

Junior

Answer

kube-proxy manages iptables/IPVS rules to route Service traffic to Pod endpoints.
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Q24:

How do readiness probes differ from liveness probes?

Junior

Answer

Readiness controls traffic routing; Liveness decides if a Pod should be restarted.
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Q25:

What is the Kubernetes API Server responsible for?

Junior

Answer

It validates requests, stores configuration, exposes REST endpoints, and communicates with etcd.
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Q26:

Why is using latest tag dangerous in Kubernetes deployments?

Junior

Answer

Kubernetes cannot track version changes; rolling updates and rollbacks become unpredictable.
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Q27:

What is the difference between a DaemonSet and a Deployment?

Junior

Answer

Deployment runs N replicas; DaemonSet ensures one Pod per node.
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Q28:

How does a Horizontal Pod Autoscaler know when to scale?

Junior

Answer

HPA monitors CPU, memory, or custom metrics and adjusts replicas.
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Q29:

Why do StatefulSets require a Headless Service?

Junior

Answer

Headless Services provide stable DNS entries for each Pod.
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Q30:

What is a PersistentVolume (PV)?

Junior

Answer

PV is cluster storage that persists beyond Pod lifecycles.
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Q31:

What is the difference between PV and PVC?

Junior

Answer

PV is actual storage; PVC is user request bound to a matching PV.
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Q32:

What is a StorageClass used for?

Junior

Answer

It defines dynamic provisioning of volumes using provisioners and parameters.
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Q33:

Why do Pods sometimes remain in a Terminating state indefinitely?

Junior

Answer

Due to stuck finalizers, runtime issues, volume problems, or network partitions.
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Q34:

How does Kubernetes perform rolling updates without downtime?

Junior

Answer

It creates new Pods before terminating old ones, controlled by maxSurge and maxUnavailable.
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Q35:

What is the purpose of a Pod Disruption Budget?

Junior

Answer

PDB ensures minimum available replicas during voluntary disruptions.
Permalink
Q36:

Why are jobs used instead of Deployments for batch tasks?

Junior

Answer

Jobs ensure tasks run to completion, retrying on failure.
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Q37:

What is the role of a CronJob?

Junior

Answer

CronJobs schedule recurring jobs based on cron expressions.
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Q38:

What is image pull policy and why does it matter?

Junior

Answer

It controls when Kubernetes pulls images; misconfiguration leads to stale or missing images.
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Q39:

Why is RBAC important in Kubernetes?

Junior

Answer

RBAC restricts actions to authorized users, preventing unauthorized access.
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Q40:

What is a ServiceAccount?

Junior

Answer

A ServiceAccount provides identity for Pods to authenticate to the API server.
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Q41:

Why disable auto-mount of ServiceAccount tokens in some Pods?

Junior

Answer

Pods without API needs should not get credentials to reduce risk.
Permalink
Q42:

How do Kubernetes Labels differ from Annotations?

Junior

Answer

Labels are used for selection; annotations store metadata.
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Q43:

What is tainting a node and why is it used?

Junior

Answer

Taints prevent scheduling unless Pods have tolerations.
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Q44:

What are Node Selectors?

Junior

Answer

They restrict scheduling to nodes with specific labels.
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Q45:

Why is node affinity more powerful than node selectors?

Junior

Answer

Node affinity supports expressions and preferred schedules.
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Q46:

What is Pod Affinity/Anti-Affinity?

Junior

Answer

Affinity co-locates Pods; anti-affinity spreads them for HA.
Permalink
Q47:

Why is Ingress preferred over multiple LoadBalancer Services?

Junior

Answer

Ingress consolidates routing and reduces cost.
Permalink
Q48:

How does Kubernetes handle service discovery internally?

Junior

Answer

It uses DNS-based discovery and kube-proxy load balancing.
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Q49:

What is the difference between a Secret of type Opaque and DockerConfigJson?

Junior

Answer

Opaque stores key-values; DockerConfigJson stores registry credentials.
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Q50:

Why avoid large ConfigMaps?

Junior

Answer

Large ConfigMaps exceed API limits and slow Pod startup.
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Q51:

Why might a Pod stay in Pending state indefinitely?

Junior

Answer

Due to insufficient resources, PVC issues, taints, or affinity mismatch.
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Q52:

Why avoid using hostPath in production?

Junior

Answer

hostPath ties Pods to nodes, risks corruption, and reduces portability.
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Q53:

How does Kubernetes prevent controller conflicts on resources?

Junior

Answer

Declarative reconciliation ensures only the owning controller manages the resource.
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Q54:

What happens when you edit a Pod directly instead of its Deployment?

Junior

Answer

Deployment overwrites changes by recreating Pods with original spec.
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Q55:

Why should readiness checks be mandatory for production Deployments?

Junior

Answer

Readiness prevents routing traffic to uninitialized Pods.
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Q56:

How does the Kubernetes Scheduler decide the best node for a Pod?

Mid

Answer

Scheduler evaluates nodes via filters and scoring. Predicates check resource availability, taints, affinity; priorities score nodes and top-scored node is selected.
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Q57:

Why do Pods sometimes get terminated with OOMKilled even when free host memory exists?

Mid

Answer

Pods run under cgroup memory limits; exceeding the limit triggers kernel OOM kill regardless of host memory.
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Q58:

What is the role of kube-controller-manager?

Mid

Answer

It runs controllers like Deployment, ReplicaSet, Node lifecycle, Job, and HPA to maintain desired state.
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Q59:

How does Kubernetes handle split-brain scenarios in multi-master clusters?

Mid

Answer

API servers rely on etcd quorum; without quorum, writes stop to avoid inconsistent cluster state.
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Q60:

Why is direct access to etcd discouraged for debugging?

Mid

Answer

etcd stores raw cluster state; manual edits may corrupt the cluster. API server is the safe interface.
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Q61:

What is the difference between soft and hard eviction in Kubernetes?

Mid

Answer

Soft eviction allows graceful shutdown; hard eviction force-kills Pods when thresholds exceed.
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Q62:

How do topology spread constraints improve availability?

Mid

Answer

They distribute Pods across zones/nodes/racks to avoid localized failures.
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Q63:

Why does Kubernetes recommend using readiness gates for external dependency checks?

Mid

Answer

Readiness gates delay traffic until apps confirm external dependencies are healthy.
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Q64:

What is the difference between Service sessionAffinity ClientIP vs None?

Mid

Answer

ClientIP keeps the same Pod for a client; None performs round-robin load balancing.
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Q65:

How does kube-proxy operate in IPVS mode vs iptables mode?

Mid

Answer

IPVS uses kernel-level load balancing, faster for large clusters; iptables uses rule chains.
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Q66:

Why do HPA and Cluster Autoscaler sometimes conflict?

Mid

Answer

HPA increases Pods requiring more nodes; autoscaler reacts slower, causing scaling thrashing.
Permalink
Q67:

What is the impact of using hostNetwork true in Pods?

Mid

Answer

Pods share node network namespace, risking port conflicts and weaker isolation.
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Q68:

Why does Pod startup time increase when ConfigMaps or Secrets grow large?

Mid

Answer

Large data mounts slow kubelet volume setup and Pod initialization.
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Q69:

Why can a Deployment have multiple ReplicaSets simultaneously?

Mid

Answer

Rolling updates retain old ReplicaSets for rollback until scaled to zero.
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Q70:

What is the significance of Pod Priority Classes?

Mid

Answer

Higher-priority Pods can preempt lower ones, ensuring critical workloads get scheduled.
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Q71:

What is the difference between eviction due to node pressure and preemption?

Mid

Answer

Eviction removes Pods for node stability; preemption removes Pods for priority scheduling.
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Q72:

What causes image pull backoff errors beyond missing images?

Mid

Answer

Caused by bad credentials, DNS issues, digest mismatch, rate limits, or broken CNI.
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Q73:

How does Kubernetes handle network policies internally?

Mid

Answer

CNI plugins enforce policies using iptables or eBPF based on Pod labels.
Permalink
Q74:

Why is disabling swap required for kubelet?

Mid

Answer

Swap breaks kubelet memory accounting, causing unpredictable scheduling and OOM behavior.
Permalink
Q75:

How does Kubernetes guarantee consistent Pod identity in StatefulSets?

Mid

Answer

Pods get stable names, PVCs, and ordinals that persist across restarts.
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Q76:

Why do terminating Pods still receive traffic sometimes?

Mid

Answer

Service endpoints update slowly; readiness checks and graceful shutdown reduce traffic leakage.
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Q77:

What causes Pods to get stuck in CrashLoopBackOff?

Mid

Answer

Repeated startup failures due to misconfigurations, missing dependencies, or readiness issues.
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Q78:

Why is API throttling important in large clusters?

Mid

Answer

Throttling prevents overload from noisy clients, ensuring API server stability.
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Q79:

What is the difference between Ingress and Gateway API?

Mid

Answer

Gateway API offers richer routing and team isolation; Ingress is simpler and older.
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Q80:

Why do readiness probe misconfigurations cause cascading failures?

Mid

Answer

Pods keep entering/exiting load balancer rotation, destabilizing traffic.
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Q81:

How does Kubernetes handle kernel upgrades or node reboots gracefully?

Mid

Answer

Cordon, drain, and PDB ensure Pods migrate safely before reboot.
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Q82:

What is the difference between nodeSelector, nodeAffinity, and topologySpreadConstraints?

Mid

Answer

nodeSelector = basic match; nodeAffinity = expressions; spread constraints distribute Pods.
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Q83:

Why are Init Containers important?

Mid

Answer

They run setup logic before main containers start.
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Q84:

Why does scaling StatefulSets too quickly cause issues?

Mid

Answer

StatefulSets require ordered Pod creation; fast scaling causes readiness delays.
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Q85:

Why are cluster upgrades risky without version skew awareness?

Mid

Answer

Components allow limited version skew; mismatches destabilize clusters.
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Q86:

How does the Kubernetes API Server enforce optimistic concurrency using resourceVersion?

Senior

Answer

Every object has a resourceVersion. Outdated writes are rejected with 409 Conflict, enforcing optimistic locking.
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Q87:

Why does etcd store all Kubernetes objects as flat key-value pairs instead of hierarchical tree structures?

Senior

Answer

Flat key-space enables fast prefix scans, simple watches, and predictable performance.
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Q88:

How do Kubernetes Watches avoid missing updates during network interruptions?

Senior

Answer

Clients reconnect using last resourceVersion; API sends all missed events.
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Q89:

Why can excessive CRDs degrade API Server performance?

Senior

Answer

Each CRD adds endpoints, conversion, validation, and storage overhead on API server and etcd.
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Q90:

How does the scheduler use informer caches instead of querying the API Server directly?

Senior

Answer

Scheduler listens to watch events and maintains local cache for fast decision-making.
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Q91:

Why is kube-apiserver stateless even though it controls critical operations?

Senior

Answer

All state lives in etcd; API servers scale horizontally without syncing state.
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Q92:

How does etcd use Raft to guarantee strong consistency across master nodes?

Senior

Answer

Raft elects a leader; writes go to leader, replicated to followers, committed on majority ACK.
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Q93:

What scenarios cause Kubernetes components to enter thundering herd behavior?

Senior

Answer

Many controllers react to same event simultaneously, flooding API server.
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Q94:

Why do CNI plugins often require a dedicated MTU configuration?

Senior

Answer

Encapsulation reduces payload size; wrong MTU causes fragmentation or packet drops.
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Q95:

What is the difference between kube-proxy iptables and IPVS modes under high traffic?

Senior

Answer

iptables does linear rule matching; IPVS uses kernel hash tables for large-scale performance.
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Q96:

Why can misconfigured readiness probes cripple an entire microservice chain?

Senior

Answer

Pods oscillate Ready/NotReady causing upstream retries and cascading failures.
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Q97:

What is the purpose of the garbage collector controller in Kubernetes?

Senior

Answer

It cleans dependents using ownerReferences when parent objects are deleted.
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Q98:

How do finalizers prevent premature resource deletion?

Senior

Answer

Finalizers block deletion until cleanup is complete; controllers remove finalizers afterward.
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Q99:

Why should autoscaler and HPA cooldown windows be tuned together?

Senior

Answer

Mismatched timings cause scaling oscillations and thrashing.
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Q100:

Why is API aggregation essential for large enterprises?

Senior

Answer

It enables custom APIs behind API server without modifying Kubernetes core.
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Q101:

How does kubelet perform node-level Pod lifecycle management?

Senior

Answer

Kubelet ensures Pod state, manages cgroups, probes, logs, volumes, and interacts with runtime.
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Q102:

Why does kubelet sometimes refuse to start new Pods even when resources appear available?

Senior

Answer

Kubelet reserves system resources (OS, eviction thresholds, kernel memory).
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Q103:

How do StatefulSets maintain the order of Pod creation and termination?

Senior

Answer

They enforce strict ordinal rules; Pod N+1 waits for Pod N to become Ready.
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Q104:

Why is multi-zone cluster topology crucial for HA?

Senior

Answer

Distribution across zones prevents outages from zone-wide failures.
Permalink
Q105:

Why do some workloads require pod-level anti-affinity instead of PDB?

Senior

Answer

Anti-affinity prevents co-location to reduce correlated failures; PDB does not control placement.
Permalink
Q106:

What causes slow pod scheduling when thousands of Pods are deployed?

Senior

Answer

Large node count, expensive scoring, cache churn, and many unschedulable Pods cause delays.
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Q107:

Why is etcd compaction required?

Senior

Answer

Old revisions slow performance; compaction removes stale history.
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Q108:

How does Kubernetes guarantee ordering of updates for the same resource?

Senior

Answer

etcd linearizable reads + monotonically increasing resourceVersion ensure ordered updates.
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Q109:

Why should operators avoid running user workloads on control-plane nodes?

Senior

Answer

User Pods consume resources needed by API server and controllers, destabilizing cluster.
Permalink
Q110:

Why does Kubernetes require strict version skew policies?

Senior

Answer

Incompatible versions cause unpredictable behavior; skew limits ensure safe upgrades.
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Q111:

How does Persistent Volume expansion work internally?

Senior

Answer

PVC resize updates PV; kubelet expands filesystem with CSI driver support.
Permalink
Q112:

Why do distributed databases use Pod Anti-Affinity besides StatefulSets?

Senior

Answer

StatefulSets manage identity; anti-affinity spreads replicas to avoid node failure impact.
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Q113:

What is the internal difference between static Pods and normal Pods?

Senior

Answer

Static Pods come from node filesystem and are managed only by kubelet; not stored in etcd.
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Q114:

Why does Kubernetes use cadvisor for container metrics?

Senior

Answer

cadvisor provides CPU, memory, network, and filesystem stats for autoscaling and monitoring.
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Q115:

How does VPA differ from HPA?

Senior

Answer

HPA scales replicas; VPA adjusts resource requests and may restart Pods.
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Q116:

How does kube-scheduler prevent starvation of low-priority Pods?

Senior

Answer

Fair scheduling and backoff ensure low-priority Pods eventually run.
Permalink
Q117:

Why avoid DaemonSet updates during node pressure?

Senior

Answer

DaemonSet updates create churn across all nodes, worsening pressure.
Permalink
Q118:

Why can CRD conversion webhooks become a bottleneck?

Senior

Answer

Conversion runs on every read/write across versions, overwhelming webhook servers.
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Q119:

Why does Node Ready status depend on kubelet heartbeats?

Senior

Answer

NodeLease heartbeats from kubelet determine node health; missing heartbeats mark node Unready.
Permalink
Q120:

Why is ephemeral storage a common cause of node instability?

Senior

Answer

Logs, layers, and temp files fill disk, triggering evictions.
Permalink
Q121:

How does CNI plugin selection affect control-plane scalability?

Senior

Answer

Different plugins vary in route programming and IP management; poor choice bottlenecks scaling.
Permalink
Q122:

Why avoid large numbers of Services with external load balancers?

Senior

Answer

Cloud LBs are costly, slow to provision, and overload API server.
Permalink
Q123:

How does Kubernetes prevent two controllers from updating the same object at same time?

Senior

Answer

Controllers use resourceVersion with optimistic concurrency and caching.
Permalink
Q124:

What is the difference between eviction and graceful termination at node level?

Senior

Answer

Eviction is due to pressure; graceful termination follows delete requests.
Permalink
Q125:

Why is encryption-at-rest critical for Kubernetes Secrets?

Senior

Answer

Secrets stored in etcd are plain base64; without encryption attackers can read credentials.
Permalink
Q126:

How does the Kubernetes API Server internally process an incoming request from authentication to admission?

Expert

Answer

Request pipeline: authentication, authorization, mutating admission, validating admission, schema validation, etcd write, and watch notifications.
Permalink
Q127:

Why does Kubernetes use a watch mechanism instead of continuous polling for state changes?

Expert

Answer

Watch streams push revision-based updates efficiently; polling overloads API server and causes stale reads.
Permalink
Q128:

How does the API Server deduplicate events during heavy watch traffic?

Expert

Answer

Updates are coalesced so only the latest revision is delivered, reducing event storms.
Permalink
Q129:

Why does etcd use MVCC instead of overwriting values directly?

Expert

Answer

MVCC stores revisions enabling consistent reads, time-travel, and non-blocking watches.
Permalink
Q130:

How does the scheduler handle scheduling cycles to prevent race conditions in multi-scheduler setups?

Expert

Answer

Each cycle locks a Pod; schedulers rely on leader election or partitioning to avoid double-binding.
Permalink
Q131:

What is preemption toxicity and how does Kubernetes mitigate it?

Expert

Answer

Cascade evictions are avoided by feasibility checks, retry limits, and controlled preemption.
Permalink
Q132:

How does CRI allow Kubernetes to remain runtime-agnostic?

Expert

Answer

CRI defines gRPC APIs for sandboxing, lifecycle, and images; runtimes implement CRI decoupling kubelet.
Permalink
Q133:

Why does kubelet maintain a pod sandbox even when containers crash?

Expert

Answer

Sandbox holds Pod-level namespaces ensuring stable networking and IPs across restarts.
Permalink
Q134:

How does Kubernetes prevent deadlocks in the node drain process?

Expert

Answer

Drain respects PDBs, uses backoff, ignores DaemonSets/Static Pods, and processes evictions asynchronously.
Permalink
Q135:

Why are long-lived connections tricky behind Kubernetes Services?

Expert

Answer

Established connections bypass load balancing, causing backend imbalance.
Permalink
Q136:

How does Cilium replace kube-proxy using eBPF?

Expert

Answer

eBPF enables direct routing, load balancing, and policy enforcement without iptables.
Permalink
Q137:

What are API Priority and Fairness queues and why do they matter?

Expert

Answer

They allocate fair request shares, ensuring critical traffic is never starved by noisy clients.
Permalink
Q138:

How does Kubernetes ensure strict ordering of writes to a single object under high concurrency?

Expert

Answer

Compare-and-swap with resourceVersion ensures linearizable writes.
Permalink
Q139:

Why do multi-cluster architectures require federation or service meshes?

Expert

Answer

Cross-cluster discovery, routing, failover, and policy require abstractions beyond core Kubernetes.
Permalink
Q140:

How does kube-controller-manager prevent infinite reconciliation loops?

Expert

Answer

Rate-limited work queues with exponential backoff break infinite retry loops.
Permalink
Q141:

Why do CSI drivers require both node and controller plugins?

Expert

Answer

Controller provisions/attaches; node plugin mounts/unmounts and performs filesystem ops.
Permalink
Q142:

How does Kubernetes maintain consistency for ConfigMaps and Secrets projected into Pods?

Expert

Answer

Kubelet updates atomic symlink-based volumes in tmpfs when API server changes.
Permalink
Q143:

Why is vertical scaling of etcd limited even with powerful hardware?

Expert

Answer

Consensus latency, fsync overhead, and majority replication limit scaling.
Permalink
Q144:

How does Kubernetes handle stale endpoints when Pods die abruptly?

Expert

Answer

EndpointSlice controller removes endpoints after Pod deletion or NotReady signals.
Permalink
Q145:

How does the scheduler prevent double-binding a Pod to multiple nodes?

Expert

Answer

Posting a Binding object updates Pod status; other schedulers skip already-bound Pods.
Permalink
Q146:

Why does IPVS mode scale better under tens of thousands of Services?

Expert

Answer

IPVS performs constant-time routing; iptables rule chains grow linearly.
Permalink
Q147:

Why must RBAC roles be tightly scoped in multi-team clusters?

Expert

Answer

Poor scoping allows privilege escalation through rolebinding or secret edits.
Permalink
Q148:

How do admission webhooks affect cluster latency?

Expert

Answer

All writes pass through webhooks; slow webhooks stall API server requests.
Permalink
Q149:

Why is kubelet’s node lease critical for large clusters?

Expert

Answer

NodeLease reduces API load by sending lightweight heartbeats instead of full Node updates.
Permalink
Q150:

How does Kubernetes avoid excessive DNS traffic due to frequent Pod restarts?

Expert

Answer

CoreDNS caches, EndpointSlices reduce entries, and stable ClusterIP reduces re-resolution.
Permalink
Q151:

Why does Pod Disruption Budget not protect against node failures?

Expert

Answer

PDB applies only to voluntary disruptions; node crashes bypass it.
Permalink
Q152:

Why can aggressive API Server audit logging degrade performance?

Expert

Answer

Audit logs are synchronous; heavy logging slows API request handling.
Permalink
Q153:

How does pod-level Seccomp differ from AppArmor or SELinux?

Expert

Answer

Seccomp filters syscalls; AppArmor/SELinux enforce filesystem and process restrictions.
Permalink
Q154:

Why do Node Local DNS caches drastically improve performance in large clusters?

Expert

Answer

Local caches reduce CoreDNS load and latency for frequent lookups.
Permalink
Q155:

What architectural principles make Kubernetes eventually consistent?

Expert

Answer

Components use cached informers and async reconciliation; etcd is strongly consistent but cluster converges eventually.
Permalink

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People Also Ask - Related Kubernet Questions

What problem does Kubernetes fundamentally solve compared to running containers manually?
What is a Kubernetes Cluster made of?
What is a Pod in Kubernetes and why isn’t a container scheduled directly?
What is the role of the Kubelet on every worker node?
Why does every Pod get its own IP address?
What is a Deployment used for?
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