Quick Answer
HPA scales Pods based on current load; Cluster Autoscaler adds nodes when Pods are Pending (no room to schedule). Conflict: HPA scales up Pods รขโ โ Cluster Autoscaler adds a node รขโ โ node comes up รขโ โ HPA scales down รขโ โ Cluster Autoscaler tries to remove the underutilized node รขโ โ HPA sees load spike again. Tune cooldown windows and min/max bounds to dampen oscillation.
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