Answer
Sharding distributes data across shards based on a shard key. mongos routes queries and config servers store metadata.
Quick Answer
Sharding distributes collection data across shards based on the shard key. MongoDB splits data into chunks (default 128MB ranges). The config server replica set stores the chunk-to-shard mapping. mongos routers use this map to direct queries to the right shard(s). A query on the shard key hits one shard; a query without it hits all shards (scatter-gather).
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SugharaIQ Editorial Team
Verified Answer
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Source: SugharaIQ