Answer
Swarm uses gossip plus VXLAN mapping to create tunnels only when needed.
Quick Answer
Docker overlay uses VXLAN in multicast or unicast mode. For large clusters, full mesh unicast VXLAN tunnels between every pair of nodes scale as O(n²). Modern solutions use BGP EVPN to distribute MAC/IP mappings, eliminating the need for full mesh tunnels. Cilium replaces VXLAN entirely with direct routing using eBPF.
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SugharaIQ Editorial Team
Verified Answer
This answer has been peer-reviewed by industry experts holding senior engineering roles to ensure technical accuracy and relevance for modern interview standards.
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Source: SugharaIQ