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What causes chunk migration performance issues?

Mid MongoDB
Quick Answer Chunk migration performance issues: migrations copy data over the network, consuming bandwidth. During migration, writes to migrating chunks are paused briefly for the final sync. If you have a poor shard key causing constant imbalance, the balancer migrates continuously. Jumbo chunks (too large to split) can't be migrated, causing permanent imbalance on one shard.

Answer

Large documents, poor shard keys, heavy writes, and slow inter-shard networks can slow migrations.
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