Quick Answer
Sharding distributes data across multiple servers (shards) to handle datasets too large for one machine or write throughput too high for one server. Each shard holds a subset of the data determined by the shard key. A mongos router directs queries to the right shard(s). Config servers store the metadata about which chunks live on which shard.
Answer
Sharding distributes large datasets across multiple servers for horizontal scaling.
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Verified Answer
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