Answer
The log consists of Virtual Log Files (VLFs). Log grows due to long-running transactions, no log backups, replication delays, or index rebuilds inside transactions.
Quick Answer
The transaction log records every change in sequence — each log record has an LSN (Log Sequence Number). The log grows when: long-running transactions hold the log open, log backups aren't taken (Full recovery model), or replication hasn't consumed the log. Regular log backups keep it manageable.
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SugharaIQ Editorial Team
Verified Answer
This answer has been peer-reviewed by industry experts holding senior engineering roles to ensure technical accuracy and relevance for modern interview standards.
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Source: SugharaIQ