Answer
Shallow copy duplicates top-level properties; deep copy recursively duplicates all nested data.
Quick Answer
Shallow copy copies only the top-level properties — nested objects still share the same reference. const copy = {...original} is shallow. Deep copy recursively copies all nested objects — structuredClone(original) or JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(original)) creates fully independent copies. Use deep copy when you need to modify nested data without affecting the original.
S
SugharaIQ Editorial Team
Verified Answer
This answer has been peer-reviewed by industry experts holding senior engineering roles to ensure technical accuracy and relevance for modern interview standards.
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Source: SugharaIQ