Answer
Unstable references break shallow comparison and force unnecessary re-renders. useCallback and useMemo ensure stability.
Quick Answer
React.memo does a shallow comparison of props. If a prop is a function or object, React compares references — not content. If the parent creates a new function or object each render, the reference changes, the memo comparison fails, and the child re-renders anyway. Stable references via useCallback and useMemo are what make memo effective.
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SugharaIQ Editorial Team
Verified Answer
This answer has been peer-reviewed by industry experts holding senior engineering roles to ensure technical accuracy and relevance for modern interview standards.
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Source: SugharaIQ