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How do you implement authentication and authorization?

Senior Python
Quick Answer Django auth: built-in User model, login/logout views, @login_required decorator, permission system. JWT for APIs: use djangorestframework-simplejwt. Flask: Flask-Login for session management, Flask-JWT-Extended for JWT. FastAPI: OAuth2PasswordBearer scheme with JWT. Pattern: on login, issue short-lived JWT + refresh token, validate JWT on each request without DB lookup.

Answer

Authentication verifies identity; authorization controls access.
Use sessions, JWTs, OAuth, or framework built-ins.
Django provides full authentication system; Flask uses extensions.
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