Quick Answer
1NF: atomic values (no repeating groups or arrays in columns). 2NF: 1NF + no partial dependency (every non-key column depends on the whole primary key). 3NF: 2NF + no transitive dependency (non-key columns depend only on the primary key, not on other non-key columns). BCNF: stricter 3NF. 4NF and 5NF handle multi-valued dependencies. Most production databases target 3NF.
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