Quick Answer
Integrating Python with external libraries: pip install and import. C extensions: ctypes and cffi for calling C libraries directly. Cython compiles Python to C for performance. numpy provides C interop via the buffer protocol. Use subprocess for system commands. For Java interop: Py4J or Jython. For Rust: PyO3 bindings. Wrap external libraries with Python classes to provide a Pythonic interface.
Answer
Use standard APIs and dependency management. Ensure compatibility and maintainability. Supports performant, modular architectures.
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Verified Answer
This answer has been peer-reviewed by industry experts holding senior engineering roles to ensure technical accuracy and relevance for modern interview standards.