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What are HOT updates?

Mid PostgreSQL
Quick Answer HOT (Heap Only Tuple) update: when an updated row fits in the same table page AND no indexed columns changed, PostgreSQL creates a chain: old tuple points to new tuple in the same page. Index entries still point to the old tuple which redirects to new. Benefit: indexes don't need to be updated (major write amplification reduction). HOT updates only work when fillfactor leaves room in the page.

Answer

HOT updates modify rows without updating indexes when non-indexed columns change, reducing index bloat.
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