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How do you scale microservices horizontally?

Expert Microservices
Quick Answer Horizontal scaling of microservices: run multiple stateless instances behind a load balancer. Kubernetes Deployments manage replicas - increase replicas to scale up. HPA automates this based on metrics. Services must be stateless (no local state between requests) - move session state to Redis. Database becomes the scaling limit - read replicas, caching, and sharding help there.

Answer

Add more instances of stateless services.
Use orchestrators like Kubernetes for auto-scaling.
Improves throughput, availability, and redundancy.
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This answer has been peer-reviewed by industry experts holding senior engineering roles to ensure technical accuracy and relevance for modern interview standards.

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