Answer
Environment variables store external configuration such as API keys or database URLs.
Quick Answer
Environment variables are key-value pairs set outside your code that configure your application — database URL, API keys, port numbers, environment name. They let the same code run differently in dev vs prod without changing the code. You access them in Node.js via process.env.MY_VARIABLE.
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SugharaIQ Editorial Team
Verified Answer
This answer has been peer-reviewed by industry experts holding senior engineering roles to ensure technical accuracy and relevance for modern interview standards.
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Source: SugharaIQ